This project explores how the link between noun form and grammatical gender varies across and within languages. We test the hypothesis that the predictability of gender from noun forms (transparency) modulates the cognitive mechanisms used during gender retrieval. We conduct grammaticality judgment tasks while recording participants' brain activity using electroencephalography. To map cross-linguistic differences and to examine effects in first and second language processing, we compare speakers of Spanish (high transparency), German (moderate transparency), and Norwegian (low transparency). Our results will clarify how gender transparency shapes language comprehension, inform models of word recognition, and identify the neurocognitive markers of grammatical gender.